原发 异常

迹象 & 症状

原发 anomaly usually consists of the valve being displaced downward into the ventricle. The three flaps, or leaflets, that make up the valve opening are malformed or absent. 这导致血液回流到心房. In addition to the valve malformation, this condition also often includes:

• 右心室增大
• 房间隔缺损, a hole between the atrial chambers, in about half of patients
• 心律失常心律失常或心律失常

Babies born with 原发 anomaly usually are treated surgically in infancy so most adults with the condition only have mild 症状. Often, when 原发 anomaly is first detected during adulthood, the condition is mild. More severe complications can result in heart failure and in cyanosis, in which the skin takes on a bluish tint due to a lack of oxygen. 成年人可能会感到呼吸困难, 有运动方面的问题, 胸痛和晕厥.

诊断

Check-ups with a specialist in congenital heart disease in adults would include:

• Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG), which records the heart's electrical activity
• 胸部x光检查心脏大小
• Echocardiogram, which is an ultrasound examination of the heart
• Exercise test, measures how much oxygen the heart can provide to your muscles while you 锻炼
• Holter monitor or event recorder in case of arrhythmia
• 电生理学研究

治疗

If the deformity is severe at birth, it may require immediate surgery. 成人病情较轻, treatment may include medications or special procedures to manage arrhythmia. People with 原发 anomaly should be prescribed antibiotics before surgery or dental procedures to protect against endocarditis.

If medication no longer controls 症状 or if the heart enlarges and loses efficiency, 可能需要手术. The surgery may either repair the tricuspid valve or replace it with an artificial valve. It also may involve repairing any associated condition such as atrial septal defect.

如有心律失常, 射频消融术, a procedure in which a burst of energy destroys an abnormal electrical pathway in the heart, 可能是必要的. 很少会植入永久性起搏器.

Adults with 原发 anomaly should be followed regularly by a cardiologist with a special interest in adult congenital heart disease. Yearly echocardiograms are necessary in all but the mildest cases.